Rubicon report

Influences on household health and the role of "Organisation 1's" activities

Question Across the 18 household interviews, what influences do respondents say brought about changes in their household's health, for better or worse, and how often, counted by household, do they credit the activities of "Organisation 1" for those changes, compared with each other influence and with other organisations and health services?

Descriptive, with no rubric; read in the manner of QuIP causal coding. Cases are households (one interview document each). A claim counts only where the respondent states, in the passage, that something affected the health of household members; credit to "Organisation 1" counts only where the passage itself names it. Numbered organisations are anonymised names and are written in quotation marks.

Households say their health got better mainly through hygiene and sanitation: latrines, handwashing at tip-taps, mosquito nets, treated water and litter pits. Eating better comes second: more varied food, more meals, better infant feeding and dropping food taboos. Health care, more production or income, and general learning come far behind. A few households also name influences that made health worse. "Organisation 1" is the source households name most often for these changes. Of the households whose interviews name "Organisation 1", credit it by name in a passage about their health, and 2 more only hint at it. Its credit is concentrated on hygiene: it is named for hygiene in households that credit hygiene with better health. It is named far less for diet (), and in no passage for health care, for income or for any influence that made health worse. Health services are the other source named most, often in the same breath as "Organisation 1". In the three households of "Organisation 2"'s area, "Organisation 2" takes a similar place for hygiene, and less firmly for diet. The judgement is fairly firm that, in these accounts, "Organisation 1"'s hygiene teaching is the activity households credit most for better health. It is much less certain how much of the change it caused. The interviews named the programme, many hygiene passages name no source, and health services share the credit in several households. Accounts that go against an overall improvement in health are , , and the second respondent in (below).

18 interviews in 2 groups · 235 passages coded · 10 October 2026

  • Verification in this report:
  • 49 numbers, every one computed directly from the coded passages rather than written by the AI. Click any number to see who it counts.
  • 235 quotations, every one found word for word in its interview. Click an interview's ID beside a quotation to read it in place.
  • 90 findings and 5 high-level findings, every one checked against the interviews after they were coded a second time.

What households credit for changes in their health

Every household answered “Improved” when asked how the health of their family had changed (), and in their own accounts all give at least one influence that made health better. households also name something that made it worse. Four accounts describe the respondent's own health as poor or worse this year: "This year things are getting worst, we often get sicker" (); "I got more sick this year as in comparison to the other years" (); "now I get more sick than usual" (); and “I am always sick” (, second respondent).

  • Hygiene and sanitation is the most common influence: households credit it with better health, and 3 more hint at it. In those that only hint, the passage puts hygiene beside health or gives health only as its purpose (, , ). Accounts run from the practice to less sickness: "I no longer get as sick as I used to because I now have good hygienic practices" (); "we do not get sick as much in comparison to last year as I now have good practices in hygiene and health" ().
  • Diet and nutrition comes next: households credit it with better health, with 4 more only hinting at it. Many of these accounts concern children and babies, some of whom used to fall ill: "the children would easily get sick this is because they never had nutrition" (); "we did not have a good diet and as a result my household members easily got sick" (). Others link it to infant feeding and to dropping food taboos (, , ).
  • Health care comes up less often: households credit treatment or the hospital with better health, and 1 more hint at it. Examples are follow-up on a prescription (), or going to the hospital rather than traditional doctors ().

The chart shows, for each influence, how many households credit it with making health better or worse.

BetterWorse
Hygiene sanitation
Diet nutrition
Health care
Production income0
Climate weather0
General learning0
Other0
Religion beliefs0
Households in each group. Each number is out of 18 households. Paler, and + beside a count: those that say it only implicitly, which the count leaves out. Click a count for its passages.
  • Production, income or savings, joined directly to health without naming food, appears in households, with 2 more only hinting at it: "More production and this promotes good health" (); "With these changes I can keep my family in good health" ().
  • Lessons or help in general, with no practice named, is credited in household, where knowledge from unnamed “NGO's” is said to have made physical health better (). 1 more hints at it ().

The part played by "Organisation 1"

"Organisation 1" is named in interviews and "Organisation 2" in . No interview names both (). In the passages about health, households credit "Organisation 1" by name, and 2 more only hint at it ( and ). All of them are in its own area (). Within that area, the exception is . That household credits the hospital and unnamed “learning” for its health, and names "Organisation 1" only for storing its harvest ().

Its part differs by influence. The chart shows, for each influence, how many households credit it in a passage that names "Organisation 1" and how many in a passage that does not.

Credits organisation 1 for this reason Raised, not tied to that
Hygiene sanitation10 +312 +2
Diet nutrition5 +28 +6
Health care04 +1
Production income02 +2
Climate weather01
General learning0 +11
Other01
Religion beliefs01
Households in each group. Each number is out of 18 households. Paler, and + beside a count: those that say it only implicitly, which the count leaves out. Click a bar for the passages behind it.
  • Hygiene and sanitation. households credit "Organisation 1" by name for the hygiene changes behind their better health, and 3 more hint at it. That is households that credit hygiene firmly. The accounts are specific and in the respondents' own words: "With the arrival of Organisation 1 we have good hygienic and health practices in which we use latrines, we wash our hands after using the bathrooms, we use mosquito nets" (); "with the arrival of Organisation 1, we were taught a lot that has been useful in our household" and "I rarely get sick as I did before" (); "Training from Organisation 1 was on improved latrines, washing hands after toilet use, Making Tip Taps (technique) to wash hands and also bathing more often" (). Passages that credit hygiene without naming "Organisation 1" come from households, with 2 more hinting. Most of these households name it in another hygiene passage. In , and the passage names "Organisation 2" or no one (). In its own area, the households that credit hygiene firmly but never name "Organisation 1" for it are and , and only hints at it (, , ).
  • Diet and nutrition. households credit "Organisation 1" by name for the dietary changes behind better health, and 2 more hint at it. Diet passages that do not name it come from households, with 6 more hinting; these include 's lack of food, which made health worse. Where it is named, it is often for teaching on infant feeding, shared with the hospital or health centre: "I learnt (from hospital but this was reinforced until we understood when Organisation 1 came with learning on taking care of babies)" (, ). Elsewhere it is credited for meals and dropped taboos (, ). The gap between hygiene and diet would survive one household being read the other way, but it would narrow.
  • Health care, production and income. No passage credits "Organisation 1" for health care () or for production or income as a direct route to health (). Several of these households do credit "Organisation 1" for farming elsewhere in the interview (, ). Respondents themselves sometimes join production to better food and then to health: "With the help of Organisation 1 our lives have improved a lot, nowadays through production my family eats a variety of meals" (, ). So this route probably runs partly through "Organisation 1"'s farming work. The health passages credit it there only through diet, so the counts here do not include that indirect credit.

So, compared with the other influences, "Organisation 1"'s activities sit behind the influence households credit most, hygiene and sanitation, and behind part of the second, diet. They are not credited for the health care that some households also rely on, nor for any of the negative influences. § What households credit for changes in their health

The map draws these routes together: on the left, the sources households credit for each influence; on the right, household health. Opposites are combined, so a passage about an influence that made health worse sits on the same arrow as one about the influence making it better, with the flipped ends marked: the arrow from diet to household health holds better food bringing better health and, in , too little food keeping health poor (). The map shows only links that at least two households make, counting both poles together. So the arrow from health care holds both care that helped and care that did not, in households (, ). Every arrow from a source comes from a passage that also says how health changed, so a route such as "Organisation 1" to hygiene to household health is one respondents tell, not one joined up from separate statements.

Drawing the map with Graphviz, which loads from the internet the first time a report is opened.

Each arrow is a causal link; its number is how many sources mention it. A factor and its opposite share one box, so “Good health” also covers poor health. Colour says which way round: where an arrow’s tail is blue, the factor as labelled was the cause; where it is red, its opposite was the cause. The arrowhead says the same about the effect, and shades in between mean a mix. Box borders are coloured the same way. Click an arrow or a box to read its passages.

holds the documents’ full text

Other organisations and health services

Health services are the main other source named. They are credited for hygiene in households (2 more hinting), for diet in (2 more hinting), and for treatment itself, for better or worse, in (1 more hinting). In "Organisation 1"'s area they are credited for some influence in , , , , and , with and only hinting. That is fewer households than credit "Organisation 1", a difference that would survive one household being read the other way. § The part played by "Organisation 1" Several accounts share the credit between "Organisation 1" and the health services: "thanks to the lectures by the ministry of health and Organisation 1 as well" (); "LECTURES TEACHED WITH Organisation 1 AND THE LOCAL HEALTH CENTER" (); "WITH THE HELP OF THE GOVERNMENT AND Organisation 1" (). So in those households, "Organisation 1"'s part is one of two named sources and cannot be separated from the government's.

In the households naming "Organisation 2", that organisation takes a similar place to the one "Organisation 1" holds elsewhere. It is credited for hygiene in households, with 1 more hinting (). It is credited for diet in , with 1 more hinting. One example: "With the lectures that we had regarding personal hygiene and regarding our yards with the exemplary mother's group from Organisation 2, we now become less sick" (, , ). All three of these households credit the hospital or health centre for treatment ('s for the worse) (, , ). In "Organisation 1"'s area only does, and hints at it. That difference holds in these documents but rests on three households. On diet, health services are credited in and ( hinting) against and ( hinting) elsewhere; with this few documents, that difference is unclear (, ). The same hygiene-and-diet pattern under a different organisation suggests the route to better health reflects this kind of programme, not anything particular to "Organisation 1". § The part played by "Organisation 1" But that comparison rests on households.

Influences that made health worse

Health got worse, or did not improve, in households (, and ). No passage connects these influences to "Organisation 1". Each comes from a single household, except health care, which also hints at. The map shows them with opposites combined: every arrow ends at household health, flipped because health got worse or stayed poor, and the arrows from hygiene, diet and health care are flipped at their start as well, because the passage tells of the lack of that influence rather than its presence:

Drawing the map with Graphviz, which loads from the internet the first time a report is opened.

Each arrow is a causal link; its number is how many sources mention it. A factor and its opposite share one box, so “Good health” also covers poor health. Colour says which way round: where an arrow’s tail is blue, the factor as labelled was the cause; where it is red, its opposite was the cause. The arrowhead says the same about the effect, and shades in between mean a mix. Box borders are coloured the same way. Click an arrow or a box to read its passages.

holds the documents’ full text

  • religious rules against the hospital: "Our churches prohibited us from visiting the hospital and as a result five of my children are dead" ();
  • not having enough food ();
  • climate and weather bringing flu and malaria ();
  • medication at the hospital that the respondent felt made things worse (), and, as a hint, hospital pills that brought no change ();
  • malaria from sleeping without mosquito nets "as we have not received them in a while" ();
  • age ().

These households still answered “Improved” to the closed question, like every other household (). That includes , where the respondent says "This year things are getting worst, we often get sicker" (). In the hinted credit to "Organisation 1" for hygiene () sits beside continuing illness: "We try to change but we still do get sick even though we make use of mosquito nets" ().

Limitations

  • The counts are of households in a small sample that was not drawn at random. They say how many of these households said something, not how common it is in the wider population.
  • The interviews do not appear to have been blindfolded. "Organisation 1" is named throughout its area's interviews, and each interview ends with an “Important link to” list of organisations. Respondents may have credited it more readily because they knew what the interview was about.
  • Credit to "Organisation 1" is counted only where the passage names it. Unnamed “lectures”, “the mothers group” or “a promoter” are not counted, and no list of the programme's activities was available to recognise them. So the counts of credit to "Organisation 1" are a floor.
  • Every household rated its health “Improved”, so there is no group whose health did not improve to compare with.
  • The interviews for and each hold two respondents' accounts. Each document is counted as one household.

Annexes

How this report was written

What was read. Rubicon read all 18 documents in full. The counts below are of households, one document each.

Coding. It then read each document as a whole and recorded which of the two programme organisations the interview names anywhere in the document. It also marked every passage that bears on the question and recorded the influence the respondent names as acting on household health in this passage and whether, in the passage, the influence made health better or worse over the period the interview asks about, with three yes-or-no codes besides, each defined in the codebook. It also restated each causal claim the documents make as a link from a cause to an effect, each end one of a list of 18 factors.

Second coding and check. The same documents were coded again to the same definitions; the run does not record whether a separate coder did it, so it is not called independent here. The two codings differed in 33 places. A reader ruled on each against the text: 19 for the first coding, 14 for the second. It tightened 2 definitions as a result, and corrected the coding to match. It searched the documents each count leaves out for passages both coders had missed, and added them. It also checked every sentence and quotation of the answer against the documents, so the coding and the answer in this report are the corrected ones, counted again after the check.

Counting. Households were then counted in 9 tables, compared by these codings, and drawn in two causal maps. The annex below gives each.

Writing and checks. Rubicon wrote the answer from these counts, citing for each finding the passages it rests on. Every number in the answer, 49 in all, was computed directly from the coded passages rather than written by the AI, and all 235 quotations were found word for word in their documents.

Revisions. The report was revised 3 times after it was first drawn, and counted and checked again each time; the changes are listed at the end of this annex.

The workflow x-ray beside Step by step, below, draws the same procedure, a box for each stage and what it made.

Step by step

The analysis was written down as a workflow before it was counted: what to look for, how to code it, what to count. It was then counted directly from the coded passages rather than by the AI, so anyone can check a number, and another coder can follow the same definitions and code the interviews afresh.

What was read

All 18 documents, read in full: 11 20-45 years, 7 46+ years.

Coding: Programme org

one row for each document, read whole; 18 rows.

The instruction a second coder would follow
Read the whole interview and record which programme organisation the household's account names anywhere, including the interviewer's closing notes and the 'Important link to' lines.
Organisation named

Which of the two programme organisations the interview names anywhere in the document. Quote the first passage that names it. Weak: never; the name either appears or it does not.

CodeMeansCountsDoes not count
Organisation 1 onlyThe interview names "Organisation 1" and does not name "Organisation 2".Any mention of "Organisation 1" by name, by the respondent or in the interviewer's notes.Unnamed groups, lectures or 'the project' with no name.
Organisation 2 onlyThe interview names "Organisation 2" and does not name "Organisation 1".Any mention of "Organisation 2" by name.Other numbered organisations alone (place by which of the two is named).
BothThe interview names both "Organisation 1" and "Organisation 2".Both names appear.One name only.
NeitherThe interview names neither organisation.No mention of either name.Any mention of either name.
The coded passages 18 rows
Organisation 1 only 15 passages
  • We changed our behaviours because we learned from Organisation 1 that the way one behaves contributes to a health status.
  • this was how we were taught to do things (Organisation 1)
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 things have changed for the better
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 we have good hygienic and health practices
  • thanks to the lectures by the ministry of health and Organisation 1 as well
  • with the arrival of Organisation 1, we were taught a lot that has been useful in our household
  • which was implemented by Organisation 1
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1, ever since I participated in the lectures
  • I now plant in lines and I harvest well because we learn with Organisation 1.
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 I participate in the a lot of lectures
  • BUT WITH THE BASIS OF THE TEACHING OF GOOD PRACTICES from Organisation 1
  • THROUGH THE GROWTH OF LECTURES TEACHED WITH Organisation 1
  • These we learned from Organisation 1.
  • WITH THE HELP OF THE GOVERNMENT AND Organisation 1
  • we also learn from a nutrition promoter from Organisation 1.
Organisation 2 only 3 passages
  • All this was possible by the learning from Organisation 2.
  • These changes come as a result of training held by Organisation 2 started this January.
  • These was learned from Organisation 2 project.

Coding: Health map

one row for each passage that fits; 134 rows.

The instruction a second coder would follow
Restate every health_links passage as causal links, with the same quote and weak mark: one link from its influence to household health, and one link from each source the passage credits ("Organisation 1", "Organisation 2", health services) to its influence. A factor's opposite pole is its label with a leading ~: where the passage's direction is worse, the effect is ~Household health, and an influence with an opposite pole (hygiene and sanitation, diet and nutrition, health care, production and income, general learning) is coded at its ~ pole, as the lack of it; religious rules and beliefs, climate and weather and other influences are forces with no opposite pole and stay as they are. Read no passage afresh and add none.
Cause

The link's cause: a source credited with an influence, or an influence acting on health. Weak: the health_links row the link restates is weak.

CodeMeansCountsDoes not count
Organisation 1The programme organisation "Organisation 1", as a source the passage names for an influence.A passage that names "Organisation 1" as having brought, taught or supplied the influence (health_links' credits_organisation_1 is yes).Unnamed lectures, groups or promoters.
Organisation 2The programme organisation "Organisation 2", as a source the passage names for an influence.A passage that names "Organisation 2" as having brought, taught or supplied the influence (credits_other_organisation is yes; in these documents every such passage names "Organisation 2").Unnamed NGOs or groups.
Health servicesHospitals, health centres, health workers or the government's health services, as a source of an influence.A passage for which credits_health_services is yes.Advice from unnamed people.
Hygiene and sanitationThe health_links influence hygiene_sanitation. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~Hygiene and sanitationThe opposite pole of Hygiene and sanitation: Hygiene or sanitation lacking or not practised, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor (e.g. sleeping without mosquito nets).A health_links row with influence hygiene and sanitation and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Diet and nutritionThe health_links influence diet_nutrition. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~Diet and nutritionThe opposite pole of Diet and nutrition: Not enough food or a poor diet, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor.A health_links row with influence diet and nutrition and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Production and incomeThe health_links influence production_income. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~Production and incomeThe opposite pole of Production and income: Too little production or income, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor.A health_links row with influence production and income and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Health careThe health_links influence health_care. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~Health careThe opposite pole of Health care: Treatment or care that did not help or made things worse, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor.A health_links row with influence health care and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Religious rules and beliefsThe health_links influence religion_beliefs.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
Climate and weatherThe health_links influence climate_weather.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
General learningThe health_links influence general_learning. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~General learningThe opposite pole of General learning: A lack of learning or help, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor.A health_links row with influence general learning and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Other influenceThe health_links influence other.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
Household healthHousehold health improved or was protected (health_links direction better).As direction better counts.As direction better excludes.
~Household healthThe opposite pole of Household health: health got worse or stayed poor (health_links direction worse).As direction worse counts.As direction worse excludes.
Effect

The link's effect: an influence a source brought, or household health or its opposite pole, ~Household health. Weak: as for cause.

CodeMeansCountsDoes not count
Organisation 1The programme organisation "Organisation 1", as a source the passage names for an influence.A passage that names "Organisation 1" as having brought, taught or supplied the influence (health_links' credits_organisation_1 is yes).Unnamed lectures, groups or promoters.
Organisation 2The programme organisation "Organisation 2", as a source the passage names for an influence.A passage that names "Organisation 2" as having brought, taught or supplied the influence (credits_other_organisation is yes; in these documents every such passage names "Organisation 2").Unnamed NGOs or groups.
Health servicesHospitals, health centres, health workers or the government's health services, as a source of an influence.A passage for which credits_health_services is yes.Advice from unnamed people.
Hygiene and sanitationThe health_links influence hygiene_sanitation. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~Hygiene and sanitationThe opposite pole of Hygiene and sanitation: Hygiene or sanitation lacking or not practised, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor (e.g. sleeping without mosquito nets).A health_links row with influence hygiene and sanitation and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Diet and nutritionThe health_links influence diet_nutrition. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~Diet and nutritionThe opposite pole of Diet and nutrition: Not enough food or a poor diet, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor.A health_links row with influence diet and nutrition and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Production and incomeThe health_links influence production_income. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~Production and incomeThe opposite pole of Production and income: Too little production or income, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor.A health_links row with influence production and income and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Health careThe health_links influence health_care. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~Health careThe opposite pole of Health care: Treatment or care that did not help or made things worse, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor.A health_links row with influence health care and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Religious rules and beliefsThe health_links influence religion_beliefs.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
Climate and weatherThe health_links influence climate_weather.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
General learningThe health_links influence general_learning. Its positive pole: the influence as present or improved, in a passage where health got better.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
~General learningThe opposite pole of General learning: A lack of learning or help, in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor.A health_links row with influence general learning and direction worse.A passage where health got better.
Other influenceThe health_links influence other.As that value counts.As that value excludes.
Household healthHousehold health improved or was protected (health_links direction better).As direction better counts.As direction better excludes.
~Household healthThe opposite pole of Household health: health got worse or stayed poor (health_links direction worse).As direction worse counts.As direction worse excludes.
The coded passages 134 rows
Organisation 1 22 passages
  • We previously took a bath per day, and we would go to the bushes to alleviate our selves. We changed our behaviours because we learned from Organisation 1 that the way one behaves contributes to a health status.
  • They cannot eat anything else because breast milk is good for them to grow healthy, for babies, and I learnt (from hospital but this was reinforced until we understood when Organisation 1 came with learning on taking care of babies)
  • we learn various good things that are happening with the help of the project (Organisation 1) that take place here leading to our well being. For example; Having access to latrines/toilets, mosquito nets, Tip Taps (Water-Taps), digging of holes to throw litter into.
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 things have changed for the better this is because I now make use of better latrines, mosquito nets, I now wash my hands after using the toilet using the TIPTAPs, I drink treated water
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 we have good hygienic and health practices in which we use latrines, we wash our hands after using the bathrooms, we use mosquito nets, we drink treated water, we wash our hands before cooking, I leave trash in the appropriate place (holes). Yes, we do not get sick as much in comparison to last year as I now have good practices in hygiene and health.
  • we did not have a good diet and as a result my household members easily got sick. With the help of Organisation 1 our lives have improved a lot, nowadays through production my family eats a variety of meals.
  • as time passed I learn more about health thanks to the lectures by the ministry of health and Organisation 1 as well. Things have gotten better with these new practices, for example: the use of improve latrines, the use of TIP TAPs to wash our hands after using the bath room, the use of mosquito nets, we also was our hands before cooking, I now dump trash in the right place in holes. I no longer get a sick as I now use the good hygiene standards I was taught.
  • The main reason for the changes was how I changed the use of good practices pf hygiene and health (learned from Organisation 1).
  • with the arrival of Organisation 1, we were taught a lot that has been useful in our household, we now use improved latrines, we now use Tip Taps to wash our hands, I now drink treated water, I use mosquito nets and put litter in the appropriate place. I rarely get sick as I did before as I now have good hygiene practices and good health practices.
  • We wash our hands post toilet use, using the tip tap which has been placed along the wash room exit, which was implemented by Organisation 1.
  • My wife did not eat eggs when she was pregnant and she would have sick babies. Along with the help of Organisation 1 regardless of the fact that I had no little kids but I had a lot, my daughter in law did not have these problems.
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1, ever since I participated in the lectures which have helped me a lot and also in my household. We now make use of improved latrines/toilets. We use TIPTAPs to wash our hands. I now drink treated water, I also use mosquito nets and put litter into dug holes ever since the arrival of Organisation 1. I no longer get as sick as I used to because I now have good hygienic practices.
  • We suffered malnutrition and as a result we were not as healthy as we should have been. With the arrival of Organisation 1, along with the various changes regarding nutrition, nowadays, thank God with production and the money we earn we now have a diversity of food.
  • The mother's milk contains all proteins necessary for healthy growth. For all my sons they only had maternal milk, but after 6months they introduced other meals. He has three or more meals per day with life's improvement they eat well. This was different with the previous babies, we never had the lessons but now we are aware since Organisation 1 came about.
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 I participate in the a lot of lectures in which we learnt how to use latrines and we now have Tip Taps to wash our hands, we now drink treated water, we use mosquito nets and we make use of mosquito nets, and I dump litter in the right place (holes). I no longer get sick as much and I do have better hygienic practices and healthy habits.
  • BECAUSE THERE WAS CHANGES IN THE LEARNING OF NEW PRACTICES IN HEALTH CARE (HEALTH AND HYGIENE) IN THE HOUSEHOLD IN WHICH CONSERVES HEALTH OF THE FAMILY. Training from Organisation 1 was on improved latrines, washing hands after toilet use, Making Tip Taps (technique) to wash hands and also bathing more often.
  • THE MATERNAL MILK IN THE FIRST MONTHS HELPED IN THE NUTRITION OF THE BABY THAT WITH THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE HEALTH CENTER (Organisation 1 and sometimes from the government)
  • BUT WITH A TIME WALK THROUGH THE GROWTH OF LECTURES TEACHED WITH Organisation 1 AND THE LOCAL HEALTH CENTER WERE TRANSFERRING MANY IMPROVEMENTS OF HYGIENE AND HEALTH OF MY HOUSEHOLD FAMILY
  • THE MAIN REASON IS GOOD HEALTH AND BODY DEVELOPMENT IS BECAUSE I HAVE BEEN VARIETY OF FOOD. I believe yes because they have eaten 3 meals a day as learned from Organisation 1 . Therefore my children are growing very well with good body muscles
  • WITH THE HELP OF THE GOVERNMENT AND Organisation 1, I HAD PARTICIPATED IN SOME LECTURES IN WHICH IT HELPED ME TO IMPROVE MY HEALTH AND HYGIENE OF MY FAMILY overall. I HAVE NOT BEEN ILL AS I HAVE PASSED TO APPLY THE NEW HYGIENE AND HEALTH RULES USING THE MOSQUITO NET, IMPROVED TOILETS,
  • MY FAMILY HAS INCREASED ECONOMICALLY IN THE HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF THE FAMILY WITH THE COMMUNITY IN GENERAL. THE LECTURES GIVEN BY THE Organisation 1 TROUCE AN OPEN SPACE
  • My family have improve hygiene wise. We now take more baths, we constructed latrines that are better, we also wash our hands after using the toilets, we also learn from a nutrition promoter from Organisation 1.
Organisation 2 9 passages
  • After the learning, myself and my household we stopped living without hygiene adhering to a hygienic and clean environment. All this was possible by the learning from Organisation 2.
  • With the lectures that we had regarding personal hygiene and regarding our yards with the exemplary mother's group from Organisation 2, we now become less sick as in comparison to previously.
  • I gave these children porridge that I mix with peanuts and drumsticks which I learnt from the groups of Organisation 2. We now look to provide three meals, as we only had two meals per day and we did not look god food with good vitamins, ever since the lessons we now see the importance. We no longer have taboos in my family we eat everything for example: Pregnant women did not eat eggs or otherwise our children would grow without hair which was undesirable and as a result we never ate. We now know that we were losing out on vitamins for a babies healthy growth. These changes are good because we are able to have healthy babies.
  • In the case of hygiene, I have changed; now I use the toilet especially washing hands (previous I did not wash my hands), clean my yard, and wash the bathroom. These changes come as a result of training held by Organisation 2 started this January. We adopted to the changes because besides flu that we have because of climate changes, at the past we would constantly get sick of diarrhoea and cholera.
  • We adopted to the changes because besides flu that we have because of climate changes, at the past we would constantly get sick of diarrhoea and cholera. For all these practices of eating healthy food and doing improved latrines we had with support of health technician as well with staff from Organisation 2.
  • I eat different food such as orange sweet potato, soya porridge, porridge mixed with peanuts and eggs because for my health it was necessary. Also I would work a beat more sort of exercises and have food with little oil to avoid other diseases. These was learned from Organisation 2 project.
  • As per hygiene practice this had changed quite a lot, now we pay more attention to details such as washing hands after toilet use, we clean our yard and inside the house, we place trash on pits and those are full we close it and open new pit. We use soap and ash after using the toilet. We appreciate all of this from the hygiene and sanitation promotors form Organisation 2 and health technician (government). Since we learned we have not stopped doing what we learned and this is not different with other members from my household as we looking for wellbeing.
  • Due to our health and maintain healthier we eat balanced food and adopted hygiene practices like washing hands with soap. This was learned by through the Organisation 2 Project that helped us a lot.
  • This type of dietary helps maintain healthier child that facilitates the growing process of a child, these we learned from health (government) and Organisation 2 technician.
Health services 20 passages
  • They cannot eat anything else because breast milk is good for them to grow healthy, for babies, and I learnt (from hospital but this was reinforced until we understood when Organisation 1 came with learning on taking care of babies)
  • as time passed I learn more about health thanks to the lectures by the ministry of health and Organisation 1 as well. Things have gotten better with these new practices, for example: the use of improve latrines, the use of TIP TAPs to wash our hands after using the bath room, the use of mosquito nets, we also was our hands before cooking, I now dump trash in the right place in holes. I no longer get a sick as I now use the good hygiene standards I was taught.
  • We like to visit tradition healers instead of going to the hospital, we now visit the hospital whenever we feel a need to.
  • We no longer have Taboo's, because the government's intervention, in health NGO's in our locations. Women are free to eat what they want, Taboo's no longer exist. Only in the old times. These changes are good because women go through their pregnancy without problems.
  • THE MATERNAL MILK IN THE FIRST MONTHS HELPED IN THE NUTRITION OF THE BABY THAT WITH THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE HEALTH CENTER (Organisation 1 and sometimes from the government)
  • BUT WITH A TIME WALK THROUGH THE GROWTH OF LECTURES TEACHED WITH Organisation 1 AND THE LOCAL HEALTH CENTER WERE TRANSFERRING MANY IMPROVEMENTS OF HYGIENE AND HEALTH OF MY HOUSEHOLD FAMILY
  • Yes, there has been changes because I control my health at the hospital and my personal hygiene has improved a lot.
  • I have to say that the hospital had always informed us on taking care of hygiene but we would refuse thinking that the traditional doctors would be take care of us. We were complete wrong today we see that.
  • we stopped using the traditional doctors as we did before because we have seen that they were not able to give medication to some disease such as malaria, diarrhoea those need hospital.
  • WITH THE HELP OF THE GOVERNMENT AND Organisation 1, I HAD PARTICIPATED IN SOME LECTURES IN WHICH IT HELPED ME TO IMPROVE MY HEALTH AND HYGIENE OF MY FAMILY overall. I HAVE NOT BEEN ILL AS I HAVE PASSED TO APPLY THE NEW HYGIENE AND HEALTH RULES USING THE MOSQUITO NET, IMPROVED TOILETS,
  • And my health gets worse for the fact that I am taking medication that I'm not even sure what are there for. The hospital do not have the attention of explaining it.
  • These changed after the training held on mothers group and some explanation from the hospital. We are now eating properly and we have broken the taboo that says women breastfeeding cannot eat an egg. These changes are good as we can see healthier and beautiful babies.
  • For such things, we have attended the health centre services to avoid getting worst.
  • Also to avoid diseases, we eat many fruits such as oranges that contain vitamins, we knew about it before yet we did not practice just because of lack of habit, yet now with reinforcement from the staff at the health centre we have started adopting these practices.
  • We adopted to the changes because besides flu that we have because of climate changes, at the past we would constantly get sick of diarrhoea and cholera. For all these practices of eating healthy food and doing improved latrines we had with support of health technician as well with staff from Organisation 2.
  • Changing feeding habits because of the reinforced messages received from the health centre staff and because climate changes we are not sure what next could come to us therefore we act in a more appropriate way avoid possible diseases. Changing the hygiene of the household and be more careful washing food products. These avoid and minimize the risk of being exposed to diseases.
  • I have gone to the hospital but they have nothing to say as they only give us pills. There has been no changes in regards to my sickness
  • Yet this year I do not get much sick due to the follow up on the prescription given at the hospital.
  • As per hygiene practice this had changed quite a lot, now we pay more attention to details such as washing hands after toilet use, we clean our yard and inside the house, we place trash on pits and those are full we close it and open new pit. We use soap and ash after using the toilet. We appreciate all of this from the hygiene and sanitation promotors form Organisation 2 and health technician (government). Since we learned we have not stopped doing what we learned and this is not different with other members from my household as we looking for wellbeing.
  • This type of dietary helps maintain healthier child that facilitates the growing process of a child, these we learned from health (government) and Organisation 2 technician.
Hygiene and sanitation 39 passages
  • We previously took a bath per day, and we would go to the bushes to alleviate our selves. We changed our behaviours because we learned from Organisation 1 that the way one behaves contributes to a health status.
  • We also make use of mosquito net and we are well.
  • we learn various good things that are happening with the help of the project (Organisation 1) that take place here leading to our well being. For example; Having access to latrines/toilets, mosquito nets, Tip Taps (Water-Taps), digging of holes to throw litter into.
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 things have changed for the better this is because I now make use of better latrines, mosquito nets, I now wash my hands after using the toilet using the TIPTAPs, I drink treated water
  • The main motive for this change was the use of good practices of hygiene and health in my family in my household.
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 we have good hygienic and health practices in which we use latrines, we wash our hands after using the bathrooms, we use mosquito nets, we drink treated water, we wash our hands before cooking, I leave trash in the appropriate place (holes). Yes, we do not get sick as much in comparison to last year as I now have good practices in hygiene and health.
  • The motive for this change is good practices in health and hygiene.
  • as time passed I learn more about health thanks to the lectures by the ministry of health and Organisation 1 as well. Things have gotten better with these new practices, for example: the use of improve latrines, the use of TIP TAPs to wash our hands after using the bath room, the use of mosquito nets, we also was our hands before cooking, I now dump trash in the right place in holes. I no longer get a sick as I now use the good hygiene standards I was taught.
  • The main reason for the changes was how I changed the use of good practices pf hygiene and health (learned from Organisation 1).
  • with the arrival of Organisation 1, we were taught a lot that has been useful in our household, we now use improved latrines, we now use Tip Taps to wash our hands, I now drink treated water, I use mosquito nets and put litter in the appropriate place. I rarely get sick as I did before as I now have good hygiene practices and good health practices.
  • The reason is good hygiene practices and good health and also for having stuck to the good manners in my household.
  • We wash our hands post toilet use, using the tip tap which has been placed along the wash room exit, which was implemented by Organisation 1.
  • It has improved a lot because we no longer abide by the old manners that we had, and as a result my family rarely gets sick as in comparison to before.
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1, ever since I participated in the lectures which have helped me a lot and also in my household. We now make use of improved latrines/toilets. We use TIPTAPs to wash our hands. I now drink treated water, I also use mosquito nets and put litter into dug holes ever since the arrival of Organisation 1. I no longer get as sick as I used to because I now have good hygienic practices.
  • The main cause for this change is a result of the teachings of good practices and the use of good manners and good hygiene and health.
  • We no longer get sick as we are more careful about our health and hygiene.
  • There has been improvement because I am learning how to live well with my family, and how to take care our hygiene, how many times we take showers during the day we do dig holes to put litter into.
  • With the arrival of Organisation 1 I participate in the a lot of lectures in which we learnt how to use latrines and we now have Tip Taps to wash our hands, we now drink treated water, we use mosquito nets and we make use of mosquito nets, and I dump litter in the right place (holes). I no longer get sick as much and I do have better hygienic practices and healthy habits.
  • THE MAIN REASON FOR THIS CHANGE WAS ON FORMING GOOD PRACTICES FOR USE OF GOOD HYGIENE AND PRACTICE PRACTICES.
  • BECAUSE THERE WAS CHANGES IN THE LEARNING OF NEW PRACTICES IN HEALTH CARE (HEALTH AND HYGIENE) IN THE HOUSEHOLD IN WHICH CONSERVES HEALTH OF THE FAMILY. Training from Organisation 1 was on improved latrines, washing hands after toilet use, Making Tip Taps (technique) to wash hands and also bathing more often.
  • BUT WITH A TIME WALK THROUGH THE GROWTH OF LECTURES TEACHED WITH Organisation 1 AND THE LOCAL HEALTH CENTER WERE TRANSFERRING MANY IMPROVEMENTS OF HYGIENE AND HEALTH OF MY HOUSEHOLD FAMILY
  • Yes, there has been changes because I control my health at the hospital and my personal hygiene has improved a lot.
  • We did these because based on the learned held on the importance of using mosquito net, improve latrines and wash hands we assume that since in the past we did not do it perhaps this could be the reason why we would be sick in my house.
  • I have to say that the hospital had always informed us on taking care of hygiene but we would refuse thinking that the traditional doctors would be take care of us. We were complete wrong today we see that.
  • WITH THE HELP OF THE GOVERNMENT AND Organisation 1, I HAD PARTICIPATED IN SOME LECTURES IN WHICH IT HELPED ME TO IMPROVE MY HEALTH AND HYGIENE OF MY FAMILY overall. I HAVE NOT BEEN ILL AS I HAVE PASSED TO APPLY THE NEW HYGIENE AND HEALTH RULES USING THE MOSQUITO NET, IMPROVED TOILETS,
  • USE OF NEW RULES IN THE TREATMENT OF HEALTH AND HYGIENE, WHICH CAUSES POSITIVE RESULTS IN THE FAMILY overall
  • Yes, our lives have changed as we use mosquito nets protect us from malaria
  • My family have improve hygiene wise. We now take more baths, we constructed latrines that are better, we also wash our hands after using the toilets, we also learn from a nutrition promoter from Organisation 1.
  • After the learning, myself and my household we stopped living without hygiene adhering to a hygienic and clean environment. All this was possible by the learning from Organisation 2.
  • Today we have healthier kids, I don't take them much to the hospital, I increased my production and live based on adopting hygiene practice that contributes much to the well being of my household.
  • With the lectures that we had regarding personal hygiene and regarding our yards with the exemplary mother's group from Organisation 2, we now become less sick as in comparison to previously.
  • As a result of the lessons we had as for example: Toilet construction, use of TIPTAPs, sweeping the yard and digging litter into holes and also through washing foods before consumption. These lectures we all had in the community with the exemplary mother's group.
  • For example nowadays, I do not get sick as much as before, thanks to the lectures that I had on hygiene.
  • In the case of hygiene, I have changed; now I use the toilet especially washing hands (previous I did not wash my hands), clean my yard, and wash the bathroom. These changes come as a result of training held by Organisation 2 started this January. We adopted to the changes because besides flu that we have because of climate changes, at the past we would constantly get sick of diarrhoea and cholera.
  • We adopted to the changes because besides flu that we have because of climate changes, at the past we would constantly get sick of diarrhoea and cholera. For all these practices of eating healthy food and doing improved latrines we had with support of health technician as well with staff from Organisation 2.
  • Changing feeding habits because of the reinforced messages received from the health centre staff and because climate changes we are not sure what next could come to us therefore we act in a more appropriate way avoid possible diseases. Changing the hygiene of the household and be more careful washing food products. These avoid and minimize the risk of being exposed to diseases.
  • This change is all over my family, because we have benefited a lot in terms of keeping good health. I have changed a lot, thanks to the teachings that I had in the group of exemplary mothers.
  • As per hygiene practice this had changed quite a lot, now we pay more attention to details such as washing hands after toilet use, we clean our yard and inside the house, we place trash on pits and those are full we close it and open new pit. We use soap and ash after using the toilet. We appreciate all of this from the hygiene and sanitation promotors form Organisation 2 and health technician (government). Since we learned we have not stopped doing what we learned and this is not different with other members from my household as we looking for wellbeing.
  • Due to our health and maintain healthier we eat balanced food and adopted hygiene practices like washing hands with soap. This was learned by through the Organisation 2 Project that helped us a lot.
~Hygiene and sanitation 1 passages
  • At the hospital they said that my feet problems were as a result of age and malaria as a result of mosquitoes. The children slept without mosquito nets as we have not received them in a while.
Diet and nutrition 26 passages
  • Taboo's as such are now obsolete, my religion allows for us to eat everything. I think this is good indeed, because this way we grow healthier.
  • They cannot eat anything else because breast milk is good for them to grow healthy, for babies, and I learnt (from hospital but this was reinforced until we understood when Organisation 1 came with learning on taking care of babies)
  • During this season the children and women in my household eat well, which was not the case some time back, the children would easily get sick this is because they never had nutrition.
  • we did not have a good diet and as a result my household members easily got sick. With the help of Organisation 1 our lives have improved a lot, nowadays through production my family eats a variety of meals.
  • it is recommended that I eat to avoid Anaemia. I follow the recommendations to keep healthy.
  • Yes, I eat meat, chicken, butter milk, because I can now afford to eat what I want, all to improve my family's health.
  • My wife did not eat eggs when she was pregnant and she would have sick babies. Along with the help of Organisation 1 regardless of the fact that I had no little kids but I had a lot, my daughter in law did not have these problems.
  • We suffered malnutrition and as a result we were not as healthy as we should have been. With the arrival of Organisation 1, along with the various changes regarding nutrition, nowadays, thank God with production and the money we earn we now have a diversity of food.
  • before giving birth my wife participated in the program for giving birth where she received good training on how to take care of the baby
  • The mother's milk contains all proteins necessary for healthy growth. For all my sons they only had maternal milk, but after 6months they introduced other meals. He has three or more meals per day with life's improvement they eat well. This was different with the previous babies, we never had the lessons but now we are aware since Organisation 1 came about.
  • We no longer have Taboo's, because the government's intervention, in health NGO's in our locations. Women are free to eat what they want, Taboo's no longer exist. Only in the old times. These changes are good because women go through their pregnancy without problems.
  • Some from my garden and it is the reason I am healthy.
  • the children and women of my house ate well, which didn't happen before when they would easily get sick because of lack of nutrition.
  • AFTER, THE GOOD WAYS OF CONSERVATION OF FOOD AND VARIETIES IN FOODS HELPED A GOOD RESULT IN THE HEALTH OF THE FAMILY.
  • THE MATERNAL MILK IN THE FIRST MONTHS HELPED IN THE NUTRITION OF THE BABY THAT WITH THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE HEALTH CENTER (Organisation 1 and sometimes from the government)
  • I HAVE AS THE MAIN REASON OF THIS CHANGES GOOD NUTRITION AND THE WELFARE OF THE HEALTH OF MY HOUSEHOLD FAMILY.
  • THE MAIN REASON IS GOOD HEALTH AND BODY DEVELOPMENT IS BECAUSE I HAVE BEEN VARIETY OF FOOD. I believe yes because they have eaten 3 meals a day as learned from Organisation 1 . Therefore my children are growing very well with good body muscles
  • There has been changes because we now buy better food, like fruits, soya Porridge, millet porridge anyways they growth up healthy
  • IT CHANGED BECAUSE THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN HAS BEEN HEALTHY WITH A GOOD PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL GROWTH.
  • These changed after the training held on mothers group and some explanation from the hospital. We are now eating properly and we have broken the taboo that says women breastfeeding cannot eat an egg. These changes are good as we can see healthier and beautiful babies.
  • I gave these children porridge that I mix with peanuts and drumsticks which I learnt from the groups of Organisation 2. We now look to provide three meals, as we only had two meals per day and we did not look god food with good vitamins, ever since the lessons we now see the importance. We no longer have taboos in my family we eat everything for example: Pregnant women did not eat eggs or otherwise our children would grow without hair which was undesirable and as a result we never ate. We now know that we were losing out on vitamins for a babies healthy growth. These changes are good because we are able to have healthy babies.
  • Also to avoid diseases, we eat many fruits such as oranges that contain vitamins, we knew about it before yet we did not practice just because of lack of habit, yet now with reinforcement from the staff at the health centre we have started adopting these practices.
  • Changing feeding habits because of the reinforced messages received from the health centre staff and because climate changes we are not sure what next could come to us therefore we act in a more appropriate way avoid possible diseases. Changing the hygiene of the household and be more careful washing food products. These avoid and minimize the risk of being exposed to diseases.
  • They health has improved as we always have a variety of foods and we live with the bound of hygiene.
  • I eat different food such as orange sweet potato, soya porridge, porridge mixed with peanuts and eggs because for my health it was necessary. Also I would work a beat more sort of exercises and have food with little oil to avoid other diseases. These was learned from Organisation 2 project.
  • This type of dietary helps maintain healthier child that facilitates the growing process of a child, these we learned from health (government) and Organisation 2 technician.
~Diet and nutrition 1 passages
  • No change has taken place because for us to be well off, we need enough food which we do not have. Health wise we are not okay
Production and income 4 passages
  • More production and this promotes good health.
  • With these changes I can keep my family in good health and I can have what to eat to improve my families life.
  • We did loan some money to attend to some matter of health, and with the savings we are able to solve a lot, financially.
  • I save money at the mothers group with aim of helping me in this issue of my health
Health care 5 passages
  • We like to visit tradition healers instead of going to the hospital, we now visit the hospital whenever we feel a need to.
  • Yes, there has been changes because I control my health at the hospital and my personal hygiene has improved a lot.
  • we stopped using the traditional doctors as we did before because we have seen that they were not able to give medication to some disease such as malaria, diarrhoea those need hospital.
  • For such things, we have attended the health centre services to avoid getting worst.
  • Yet this year I do not get much sick due to the follow up on the prescription given at the hospital.
~Health care 2 passages
  • And my health gets worse for the fact that I am taking medication that I'm not even sure what are there for. The hospital do not have the attention of explaining it.
  • I have gone to the hospital but they have nothing to say as they only give us pills. There has been no changes in regards to my sickness
Religious rules and beliefs 1 passages
  • Our churches prohibited us from visiting the hospital and as a result five of my children are dead.
Climate and weather 1 passages
  • Yet we get a bit sick theses days because of climate changes (a day gets very hot and the following day get cold or rains) that usually bring flu, malaria, headache and anaemia to the all household.
General learning 2 passages
  • our lives are changing for the better with the help from NGO's that transmit knowledge to us and as a result everything is changing for the better. In mental health, physical, emotional, and spiritual health everything is well and this changes for the better for us.
  • MY FAMILY HAS INCREASED ECONOMICALLY IN THE HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF THE FAMILY WITH THE COMMUNITY IN GENERAL. THE LECTURES GIVEN BY THE Organisation 1 TROUCE AN OPEN SPACE
Other influence 1 passages
  • At the hospital they said that my feet problems were as a result of age

holds the documents’ full text

Counting: Closed

Households by overall, how has the health of your family changed over the past year?

The table 1 cells
Overall, how has the health of your family changed over the past year?Households
Improved of 18

Counting: Households

Households by organisation named

The table 4 cells
Organisation namedHouseholds
Organisation 1 only of 18
Organisation 2 only of 18
Both of 18
Neither of 18

Counting: Any

Households by direction

The table 2 cells
DirectionHouseholds
Better of 18
Worse of 18

Counting: Influence

Households by influence and direction

The table 16 cells
InfluenceDirectionHouseholds
Hygiene sanitationBetter of 18 +3 implicit
Diet nutritionBetter of 18 +4 implicit
Health careBetter of 18 +1 implicit
Production incomeBetter of 18 +2 implicit
Climate weatherWorse of 18
Diet nutritionWorse of 18
General learningBetter of 18 +1 implicit
Health careWorse of 18 +1 implicit
Hygiene sanitationWorse of 18
OtherWorse of 18
Religion beliefsWorse of 18
Climate weatherBetter of 18
General learningWorse of 18
OtherBetter of 18
Production incomeWorse of 18
Religion beliefsBetter of 18

Counting: Org1

Households by credits organisation 1

The table 2 cells
Credits organisation 1Households
No of 18 +1 implicit
Yes of 18 +2 implicit

Counting: Infl org1

Households by influence and credits organisation 1

The table 16 cells
InfluenceCredits organisation 1Households
Hygiene sanitationNo of 18 +2 implicit
Hygiene sanitationYes of 18 +3 implicit
Diet nutritionNo of 18 +6 implicit
Diet nutritionYes of 18 +2 implicit
Health careNo of 18 +1 implicit
Production incomeNo of 18 +2 implicit
Climate weatherNo of 18
General learningNo of 18
OtherNo of 18
Religion beliefsNo of 18
Climate weatherYes of 18
General learningYes of 18 +1 implicit
Health careYes of 18
OtherYes of 18
Production incomeYes of 18
Religion beliefsYes of 18

Counting: Infl other

Households by influence and credits other organisation

The table 16 cells
InfluenceCredits other organisationHouseholds
Hygiene sanitationNo of 18 +2 implicit
Diet nutritionNo of 18 +3 implicit
Health careNo of 18 +1 implicit
Hygiene sanitationYes of 18 +1 implicit
Production incomeNo of 18 +2 implicit
Climate weatherNo of 18
Diet nutritionYes of 18 +1 implicit
General learningNo of 18 +1 implicit
OtherNo of 18
Religion beliefsNo of 18
Climate weatherYes of 18
General learningYes of 18
Health careYes of 18
OtherYes of 18
Production incomeYes of 18
Religion beliefsYes of 18

Counting: Infl hs

Households by influence and credits health services

The table 16 cells
InfluenceCredits health servicesHouseholds
Hygiene sanitationNo of 18 +3 implicit
Diet nutritionNo of 18 +5 implicit
Diet nutritionYes of 18 +2 implicit
Health careYes of 18 +1 implicit
Hygiene sanitationYes of 18 +2 implicit
Production incomeNo of 18 +2 implicit
Climate weatherNo of 18
General learningNo of 18 +1 implicit
OtherNo of 18
Religion beliefsNo of 18
Climate weatherYes of 18
General learningYes of 18
Health careNo of 18
OtherYes of 18
Production incomeYes of 18
Religion beliefsYes of 18

Counting: Area org1

Households by organisation named and credits organisation 1

The table 4 cells
Organisation namedCredits organisation 1Households
Organisation 1 onlyNo of 15 +1 implicit
Organisation 1 onlyYes of 15 +2 implicit
Organisation 2 onlyNo of 3
Organisation 2 onlyYes of 3

Counting: Main

Households by cause and effect

The table 12 cells
CauseEffectHouseholds
Hygiene and sanitationHousehold health of 18 +3 implicit
Diet and nutritionHousehold health of 18 +4 implicit
Organisation 1Hygiene and sanitation of 18 +3 implicit
Organisation 1Diet and nutrition of 18 +2 implicit
Health careHousehold health of 18 +1 implicit
Health servicesDiet and nutrition of 18 +2 implicit
Health servicesHealth care of 18 +1 implicit
Health servicesHygiene and sanitation of 18 +2 implicit
Organisation 2Hygiene and sanitation of 18 +1 implicit
Production and incomeHousehold health of 18 +2 implicit
General learningHousehold health of 18 +1 implicit
Organisation 2Diet and nutrition of 18 +1 implicit

holds the documents’ full text

Counting: Worse

Households by cause and effect

The table 6 cells
CauseEffectHouseholds
Climate and weatherHousehold health of 18
Diet and nutritionHousehold health of 18
Health careHousehold health of 18 +1 implicit
Hygiene and sanitationHousehold health of 18
Other influenceHousehold health of 18
Religious rules and beliefsHousehold health of 18

holds the documents’ full text

Writing: Answer

The instruction the answer was written to
Open with the heading '# Influences on household health and the role of "Organisation 1's" activities'. State the conclusions first: which influences households credit for changes in their health, and how often, counted by household; then how often the passages credit "Organisation 1" for those influences, against other organisations, health services and influences credited to no one. Report negative influences. Write every numbered organisation's name in quotation marks. End with what limits how far the answer can be relied on.

The checks that were run

  • 235 of 235 quotations found word for word in their document.
  • 49 numbers in the answer, every one computed directly from the coded passages rather than written by the AI; 0 written by the AI without a count behind them.
  • 0 citations to passages that do not exist; 0 quotations not in the passage they cite.

Second coding

The same documents were coded again to the same definitions; the run does not record whether a separate coder did it, so it is not called independent here.

The second coder's rows
  • Health links: 107 rows
  • Programme org: 18 rows

In the run's zip, under check/coded/.

The check

A reader ruled on every place the two codings differed, and checked every sentence and quotation of the answer against the documents, correcting the coding and the answer where they were wrong. The answer above is the corrected one, recounted after the check.

The check's record check.md
Counts
  • Disagreements in recode/disagreements.md: 33. Ruled for the rows (first coder): 19. Ruled for the second coder: 14. Unsettled: 0.
  • Definitions tightened in workflow.json: 2. Both are in health_links. The prompt now says a reason line counts as a health passage only under the health question, or where it names health itself. The direction column now counts a before-and-after passage as one 'better' row, and 'worse' only for health that got worse or stayed poor during the period. All 18 documents were re-read against both; the rows below are the result.
  • Rows changed in coded/health_links.json: 27. Of these, 6 were edited (nzzp4, yethw (now fe4ke), r28pn, 6kdqt, vjvy8, 8bfjz) and 21 added. coded/programme_org.json was unchanged.
  • Sentences in answer.md changed or added: about 25 (listed below). One was cut, "The pattern is clear and consistent across accounts"; a judgement stating its certainty replaces it.
  • recount.py now reports no faults: no unknown ids, no bare numbers, no citations to no row, and no quotations that are missing or not in what they cite.
Rulings on the disagreements

1. health_links.influence = health_care, MNY-1. First coder, kept weak (d9hx4). "We like to visit tradition healers instead of going to the hospital, we now visit the hospital whenever we feel a need to." This sits beside "Healthwise my family is doing well" but does not say the hospital made health better. That is the influence column's own weakness. 2. influence = diet_nutrition, MSY-1. First coder, kept weak (wj7xs). "IT CHANGED BECAUSE THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN HAS BEEN HEALTHY" is the reason given for the children's diet question. It puts diet beside children's health without saying one brought the other. 3. influence = general_learning, MSY-1. First coder, kept weak (m4hhg). The lectures "TROUCE AN OPEN SPACE" for ideas. Health is mentioned beside them in the wellbeing answer, not as their result. 4. influence = diet_nutrition, MNX-5. First coder, no row. "The change is due to the varieties in foods..." and "The motive for this change is in the diet control..." are the reasons for the children's and women's diet questions (index columns "diet of your children" and "your ... diet"). They do not mention health. This led to the tightened prompt. 5. influence = health_care, MNY-2. First coder, no row. "The main motive behind this change is as a result of the follow up before children are born..." answers the women's diet question, not the health one. 6. influence = production_income, TWX-1. Second coder's passage, added as weak (jyzvv). "I save money at the mothers group with aim of helping me in this issue of my health" gives health only as a purpose, which is the column's named weakness. 7. influence = hygiene_sanitation, MNX-2. Second coder: nzzp4 marked weak. "We also make use of mosquito net and we are well" puts the nets beside being well without saying they caused it. The other MNX-2 hygiene passage speaks of "well being" (already weak). 8. influence = general_learning, MNY-1. Second coder: firm. "with the help from NGO's that transmit knowledge to us and as a result everything is changing for the better. In mental health, physical, emotional, and spiritual health everything is well and this changes for the better for us." The "as a result" carries over to physical health. The row's quote was extended to the end of the sentence, so its id changed from yethw to fe4ke. 9. influence = production_income, MNY-3. First coder: firm (8srxm). "With these changes I can keep my family in good health" (savings) states the effect, not a hope. 10. influence = hygiene_sanitation, MSX-4. Second coder: firm. r28pn ("we assume ... perhaps this could be the reason why we would be sick") says that lacking the practices caused sickness. Hedging is not a weakness the definition names. The health reason sentence "there has been changes because I control my health at the hospital and my personal hygiene has improved a lot" also names hygiene, so a hygiene row was added on it (wgbuh-2) beside the health-care row. 11. influence = hygiene_sanitation, TWX-3. Second coder: weak. "Due to our health and maintain healthier we eat balanced food and adopted hygiene practices" gives health as the purpose (6kdqt marked weak). The second coder's other passage ("...as we looking for wellbeing", crediting "Organisation 2" and the government health technician) was added as weak (gf25e). 12–17. direction = worse, MNX-3, MNX-4, MNY-1, MNY-2, MNY-5, MSX-4. First coder in all six, so no 'worse' rows. Each passage tells of sickness before a change the same passage credits: "the children would easily get sick this is because they never had nutrition" (MNX-3), "we did not have a good diet and as a result my household members easily got sick. With the help of Organisation 1..." (MNX-4), "My wife did not eat eggs ... Along with the help of Organisation 1 ... my daughter in law did not have these problems" (MNY-1), "We suffered malnutrition ... With the arrival of Organisation 1..." (MNY-2), "which didn't happen before when they would easily get sick because of lack of nutrition" (MNY-5), "in the past we did not do it perhaps this could be the reason why we would be sick" (MSX-4). The old definition ("health not improving because of the influence or its lack") did not settle this, so the direction column was tightened. 18. direction = better, MNX-1. Second coder: firm row added (gug5t). "Taboo's as such are now obsolete, my religion allows for us to eat everything. I think this is good indeed, because this way we grow healthier." The respondent is speaking of her own household ("we"). The hygiene row nydsg stays weak. 19. credits_organisation_1 = no, MNX-5. First coder. The second coder's passages are the diet reasons ruled out in 4. 20. credits_organisation_1 = no, MNX-6. Second coder: row added (6nk7r). The health reason "The reason is good hygiene practices and good health and also for having stuck to the good manners in my household" names no organisation. 21. credits_organisation_1 = yes, MNY-1. First coder: prtbk is firm. The passage names "Organisation 1" and a change in health (no more "sick babies"). 22. credits_organisation_1 = no, MNY-2. Second coder: row added (zc2gh). The health reason "The main cause for this change is a result of the teachings of good practices ... good hygiene and health" names no one. 23. credits_organisation_1 = yes, MNY-3. First coder: bd7xc stays weak. "The mother's milk contains all proteins necessary for healthy growth" states a general fact; it does not say the children's health changed. 24. credits_organisation_1 = no, MSY-1. Second coder: row added (hyd24). "USE OF NEW RULES IN THE TREATMENT OF HEALTH AND HYGIENE, WHICH CAUSES POSITIVE RESULTS IN THE FAMILY overall" is the health reason and names no organisation. 25. credits_organisation_1 = no, MSY-2. Second coder: row added (6ux37). "Yes, our lives have changed as we use mosquito nets protect us from malaria" is a firm hygiene link with no organisation named. 26. credits_other_organisation = yes, TWX-2. First coder: 7gvbu is firm. "These changes come as a result of training held by Organisation 2 ... at the past we would constantly get sick of diarrhoea and cholera" states the change against past sickness, and the respondent opens by saying "I did not get sick much compared to the last years". 27. credits_health_services = yes, MNY-1. First coder, the same weak row as 1. 28. credits_health_services = no, MNX-5. Second coder: row added (tr24g). "The main reason for the changes was how I changed the use of good practices pf hygiene and health (learned from Organisation 1)" credits "Organisation 1" alone. 29. credits_health_services = yes, MNY-2. First coder, as in 5. 30. credits_health_services = yes, MSX-1. First coder: f4d3f stays weak. "HELPED IN THE NUTRITION OF THE BABY" names nutrition, not health. The nearby "3 MEALS A DAY TO HELP GOOD HEALTH" gives health as a purpose. 31. credits_health_services = no, MSX-4. Second coder: there are firm hygiene rows with no health-service credit (r28pn, wgbuh-2). 32. credits_health_services = no, MSY-1. Second coder, from the row added in 24. 33. credits_health_services = no, TWX-3. Second coder: vjvy8 marked weak. "because for my health it was necessary ... to avoid other diseases" gives health as a purpose. 6kdqt is weak as in 11.

Omissions found

Each of these was found by searching the documents a count or sentence left out, against the column's definition.

  • Hygiene credited without naming "Organisation 1" (t_infl_org1, hygiene/no), and the tightened prompt. Health reason lines that both coders had skipped were added as firm hygiene rows naming no one: MNX-3 "The main motive for this change was the use of good practices of hygiene and health in my family in my household." (s5k4b); MNX-4 "The motive for this change is good practices in health and hygiene." (58jbr); MNY-3 "There has been improvement because I am learning how to live well with my family, and how to take care our hygiene..." (34vgd); MNY-5 "THE MAIN REASON FOR THIS CHANGE WAS ON FORMING GOOD PRACTICES FOR USE OF GOOD HYGIENE AND PRACTICE PRACTICES." (79vhp); TWX-1 "As a result of the lessons we had as for example: Toilet construction, use of TIPTAPs..." (hcwds) and "For example nowadays, I do not get sick as much as before, thanks to the lectures that I had on hygiene." (gdw7w); TWX-2 "Changing feeding habits because of the reinforced messages received from the health centre staff ... These avoid and minimize the risk of being exposed to diseases." (9dtdw diet, credits health services; 9dtdw-2 hygiene). With the ruled rows, the answer's old claim that hygiene was credited "without naming any source" in a set of households was wrong. Many of those passages name "Organisation 2", and most of those households name "Organisation 1" in another passage. The claim is corrected.
  • Health services credited for hygiene (t_infl_hs, hygiene/yes; was MNX-5, MSX-2, MSY-1). TWX-2: "For all these practices of eating healthy food and doing improved latrines we had with support of health technician as well with staff from Organisation 2." This is joined to the past sickness, so it was added firm (tgj25). MSX-4: "the hospital had always informed us on taking care of hygiene ... We were complete wrong today we see that." This was added weak (q8hqe): beside health, not said to cause it.
  • Diet (t_influence, diet/better). MSX-4: "we now buy better food, like fruits, soya Porridge, millet porridge anyways they growth up healthy". This was added weak (qk98f): diet beside children's health.
  • Production or income (t_influence, production/better). TWX-1 was added weak (jyzvv, ruling 6).
  • "Each of these influences comes from a single household" (worse). TWX-2 second respondent: "I have gone to the hospital but they have nothing to say as they only give us pills. There has been no changes in regards to my sickness". This was added as health care, worse, weak (kdm9d): treatment beside no change. The sentence now says health care is the exception.
  • "Lessons or help in general ... is only ever hinted at". This was contradicted by MNY-1 (ruling 8). The sentence was corrected to one firm and one hint.
  • Searched with nothing to add: credit to "Organisation 1" for health care or income (none in any document); any interview naming both organisations (none); "Organisation 1" credited for a negative influence (none); further 'worse' influences (MSX-4's "I got more sick this year ... I do not know why" gives no cause, so it is not coded but is named in the answer as an account against).
Rows changed for the report check
  • TWX-3 8bfjz marked weak. "This type of dietary helps maintain healthier child..." is a general statement. The household has no children of that age ("As per babies 6 months to 2 years old also don't have it"), so it does not state that household members' health changed. With vjvy8 also weak, TWX-3's diet credit, including its credit to "Organisation 2" and to health services for diet, is now a hint.
Sentences changed in answer.md
  • Opening: the answer is put first. Counts were added for diet. General learning was added. "The three households ... give 'Organisation 2' the same role" became "a similar place for hygiene, and less firmly for diet" (TWX-3's credit is now weak). "The pattern is clear and consistent across accounts" became a judgement with its certainty. The accounts that go against it were named (MNX-1, MSX-4, TWX-1, TWX-2).
  • "{t_any.c1} households ... with {t_any.c1.weak} more only hinting" became "all {t_any.c1}" after ruling 18. A sentence was added quoting the four respondents whose own health was poor or worse.
  • Hygiene bullet: the hinting households and why they only hint were added.
  • Diet bullet: "Most often the link is children who used to fall ill" was overstated. Only MNX-3, MNY-5 and MNY-1 say children fell ill. It became "Many of these accounts concern children and babies, some of whom used to fall ill". MNX-1's taboo row was cited.
  • Production bullet: MNY-3's quotation was added.
  • General learning bullet: corrected from "only ever hinted at" (ruling 8).
  • Org1 section: the hinting households (MNX-1, MNY-3) were named. MSX-4 "names Organisation 1 for farming" was made exact: "only for storing its harvest" (programme_org.7nzge). "differs sharply" became "differs". Hygiene versus diet is now said to survive one household read the other way, but to narrow.
  • Hygiene bullet: "hygiene is credited without naming any source in the passage" was wrong. The cell counts passages not naming "Organisation 1", and in the TWX households these name "Organisation 2". It is corrected, and the households that never name "Organisation 1" for hygiene are listed (MNY-3, MSX-4; MNY-1 hinting).
  • Diet bullet: the comparison with households that "credit diet without naming it" was reworded. That cell includes MNX-1's lack of food, which made health worse.
  • Health care and income bullet: "[programme_org.6gnbd]" was cited for farm credit, but that row quotes MNX-4's hygiene passage. It was replaced by programme_org.shtz5. "Many" became "Several". MNY-2's row was cited beside MNX-4's.
  • Health services paragraph: counts were recomputed, and treatment was marked "for better or worse" (it includes TWX-1's worsening). A comparison was added: health services against "Organisation 1" in its area, with documents named.
  • "Organisation 2" paragraph: "takes the place" became "takes a similar place". The claim that these households "credit the health centre more often for diet and treatment" was split. Treatment holds in these documents but rests on three households. Diet (TWX-1, TWX-2 against MNX-2, MNY-3) is unclear with this few documents.
  • Worse section: the households were named. "for reasons unconnected to 'Organisation 1'" became "No passage connects these influences to 'Organisation 1'". "Each ... from a single household" now excepts health care (TWX-2 hint).
  • MNX-1 quotations: "We try to change but we still do get sick even though we make use of mosquito nets" was cited to health_links.nydsg, which does not hold it. It is now attributed to the document (MNX-1), and nydsg is cited for the hinted credit only. "This year things are getting worst, we often get sicker" now carries its id (MNX-1).
  • Limits: "'Organisation 1' is named throughout" became "throughout its area's interviews" (the TWX interviews never name it). "The coding was done by one analyst" was wrong: there were two coders, and the rulings and tightened definitions are described.

The record

This report was drawn directly from the run's zip, across-the-18-household-interviews-what-influences-2026-10-10-revision-3-5dc6450b.zip. The zip's fingerprint is 5dc6450bf168d973272e340c4c3ea143e5b103a74e193b9fb4240bf669486114. It is the SHA-256 of the zip's SHA256SUMS file, which lists the SHA-256 of every other file in the zip, so changing any file breaks the match. To check that the zip is the one this report was drawn from, unzip it, run sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS, then sha256sum SHA256SUMS, and compare the result with the fingerprint above. Rubicon's own code, which is public, checks the rest: python verify.py <report> <zip> recounts every number from the coded passages in the zip, draws the report again from the zip and says whether it matches this one exactly.

Revisions

Changes made after the first report, each recounted and checked before this version was drawn. Earlier versions keep their own files.

  • 9 October 2026: The evaluator asked for causal maps of the paths the answer reports, and for the title to read "the role of "Organisation 1's" activities". Workflow: added the code step health_map, which restates each checked health_links passage as causal links (source to influence, influence to better or worse health) with the same quote and weak mark, by script (work/derive_health_map.py), so no passage was read or judged afresh; added two map tabulations, m_main (links made in at least two households) and m_worse (links into worse health); changed the heading in the write step's instructions. Answer: new heading; one paragraph and the m_main map added after the summary of "Organisation 1"'s part; the m_worse map added to the section on influences that made health worse. Recounted the whole workflow; no earlier count or row moved. The second reading was not run again, because no passage was coded afresh.
  • 9 October 2026: The evaluator asked for the causal maps to be drawn again with opposites combined. Workflow: in health_map, "Better health" and "Worse health" became "Household health" and "~Household health", and ~ poles were added for hygiene and sanitation, diet and nutrition, health care, production and income and general learning; the derivation script codes an influence at its ~ pole in a passage where health got worse or stayed poor, leaving religious rules, climate and other influences as they are; m_main and m_worse now set the combine-opposites filter. Coding: the seven worse-health passages recoded to their poles, read again by a second coder, who agreed on all seven. Answer: the paragraphs introducing both maps rewritten; the main map now carries an arrow from health care to household health holding both care that helped and care that did not. Recounted the whole workflow; no count outside the two maps moved.
  • 10 October 2026: Each table now says what it counts: every count names its unit, households, beside the number it is out of. Workflow: every tabulate step names its unit, and those that counted documents (t_closed, t_households, t_any, t_influence, t_org1, t_infl_org1, t_infl_other, t_infl_hs, t_area_org1, m_main, m_worse) count cases, which here is the same count, since each document is one household. Coding and answer unchanged. Recounted the whole workflow; no count moved.

Every interview at a glance

Each row is one interview, each column a reason as the coding defines it. Click a mark to read the passages.

Credits organisation 1 for this reason Raised, not tied to that Only implicitly, so left out of the counts
Hygiene sanitationDiet nutritionHealth careProduction incomeGeneral learningReligion beliefsClimate weatherOther
20-45 years
46+ years
🔥 Carbon cost of this report: Between 0.013 and 3.8 km driven in an average UK family car

Making this report used between 17.7 and 5095 watt-hours of electricity, which is the carbon of driving an average UK family car for that distance. A ballpark only: Anthropic publishes no energy figures, and the run, made in the evaluator's own Claude, records no token counts, so the estimate is made from the run's size. The 18 documents were read in full once by each of the 3 coding steps, by the second coder and by the check, and the writer read the tables; everything the run wrote counts as output. That comes to about 290,453 tokens read and 72,303 written, at 4 characters a token. It covers the first run and its three revisions. The zip holds only the latest state, so each revision is counted at the low end as rereading the tables and writing the answer again, and at the high end as a whole run again.

  • High: 0.39 Wh per thousand tokens read and 1.95 per thousand written, with what was read counted 10 times over for the agent's own overhead. Simon P. Couch, 'Electricity use of AI coding agents', 20 January 2026, https://simonpcouch.com/blog/2026-01-20-cc-impact/: about 390 Wh per million input tokens and 1,950 per million output tokens for Claude Opus, back-solved from Epoch AI's estimate for a 100,000-token prompt with output at five times the input rate, as Anthropic's prices are. The author calls them napkin maths. Our assumption, not a measurement: an agent re-sends its instructions, earlier turns and tool output with every request, so it reads far more than the documents themselves. The low case counts only what was read and written; the high case counts what was read ten times over.
  • Low: the same rates divided by 20, what was read counted once. Oviedo et al., 'Energy use of AI inference, efficiency pathways, and test-time scaling', arXiv:2509.20241: a median 0.31 Wh per query for frontier models, and widely cited estimates overstated by 4 to 20 times. The low case takes the high case's rates divided by the top of that range.
  • 0.124 kg CO2e per kWh. DESNZ greenhouse gas reporting conversion factors, UK grid electricity, 2024.
  • 0.16601 kg CO2e per km. DESNZ greenhouse gas reporting conversion factors, average car of unknown fuel, 2024.

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